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Chandragupta Maurya 103

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Chandragupta Maurya Serial All Episodes (1 to 105), चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य अंतिम एपिसोड (106 से 124) कहानी, Chandragupta Maurya Serial Episodes 1 to 100. 22 hours ago  There are a total of 103 temples with 77 on hill and 26 in the village. The place is considered sacred by devotees. Sonagiri Temple is one of the primary pilgrimage places for the Jain Followers. The word 'Sonagiri' means 'The Golden Peak.'. Jain tradition holds that Chandragupta Maurya became a disciple of the sage Bhadrabahu (l. Click here to Subscribe to SonyLIV: Click here to Subscribe to SET India: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpEhnqL0y41EpW2TvWAH. Directed by Bhushan Patel, Arif Shamsi. With Ashish Sharma, Manish Wadhwa. While many Indian historians held the view that Chandragupta was an illegitimate child of the Nanda Dynasty of Magadha in eastern India, born to a Nanda prince and a maid named 'Mura', later literary traditions imply that Chandragupta may have been raised by peacock-tamers (Sanskrit: Mayura-Poshaka), which earned him the Maurya epithet.

This article on Magadha Empire contains writings on the following :

  1. Ancient Magadha Empire
  2. Magadha Empire during King Bimbisara
  3. Magadha Empire during King Ajatsatru
  4. Magadha Empire after the death of King Ajatsatru
  5. Magadha Empire during the reign of King Mahapadma Nanda
  6. Magadha Empire during Dhana Nanda
  7. Magadh Empire during Chandragupta Maurya

Ancient Magadha Empire

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Ancient Kingdom of Magadha Empire consisted of the modern districts of Gaya and Patna. The Magadha Kings were exceptionally able rulers.

In the Rigveda, there is no reference to Magadha Empire, but it is referred to in the Atharva Veda. But the manner in which Magadha Empire has been referred to in the Atharva Veda creates the impression that the Aryans disliked the people of Magadha. The main reason for this was probably the fact the Aryan civilization did not extend to Magadha even in the period of Atharva Veda.

In the days of Gautama Buddha, Magadha was one of the principal kingdoms of North India. Magadha Empire was locked in a political rivalry with such kingdoms as Kashi, Kosala, Vatsa, and Avanti for nearly hundred years and ultimately came out victorious from the conflict. Since that period, Magadha Empire came to be the centre of the North Indian politics for long. It is from the Puranas and ‘Mahavamsa', the Ceylonese Buddhist scripture that details of Magadhan king can be found.

It was in Magadha that Buddhism and Jainism had originated. In the sphere of politics, too, an integrated kingdom in India with Magadha Empire as its centre arose. Four historically famous dynasties ruled Magadha, Haryanka, Shishunaga, Nanda and Maurya.

Magadha Empire during King Bimbisara

The Mahavamsa and Buddha Charita, written by Aswaghosa, state that the first famous king of Magadha, Bimbisara, belonged to the Haryanka dynasty. Bimbisara's father was named Bhattia or Mahapadma. It is said that his father was defeated by the king of Anga, and that the kingdom of Magadha was annexed to that of Anga. Bimbisara, on becoming king of Magadha avenged the defeat of his father by overthrowing the Anga king and annexing Anga to his kingdom.

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This victory laid the foundation for the Rise of Magadha Empire and the later kings succeeded in their bid to extend the empire. Emperor Asoka was the only man who refrained from a pursuit of war policy, and this marked the end of the history of Magadha expansion.

King Bimbisara enjoyed some such advantages as his contemporaries were denied. The geographical position of Magadha contributed for the Rise of Magadha Empire. Magadha was surrounded by hills and rivers. So, she enjoyed natural security. Moreover, the kingdom prospered thanks, largely, to the expansion of trade and commerce and the development of agriculture. Being thus secured, Bimbisara was able to proceed on his paths of conquests.

King Bimbisara concluded matrimonial alliances with the dynasties of Madra (Central Punjab), Kosala, and Vaisali. He married the Kosala princess, Kosaladevi and obtained, as dowry, a large slice of the kingdom of Kashi or Varanasi. Kashi constituted a prosperous region, and Bimbisara collected as revenue a huge sum amounting to one lakh. This was in addition to the collection of normal revenue. Kashi was a famous emporium and a place of pilgrimage of the Saivas. He married Chellana, the Vaisali princess. The alliance established with Licchavi (also Lichchhavi) and Vaisali strengthened the bond of friendship with, and enhanced the prestige of Magadha. King Bimbisara also married the princess of Videha, Vasabi, and Kshema, the Madra princess. This policy of concluding matrimonial alliance further uplifted the rise of Magadhan imperialism. Lichchhavi and Kosala remained neutral when Bimbisara made war with his neighbour, the king of Anga. Had it been otherwise, he would have invited hostility of Lichchhavi and Vaisali from the rear.

The episode of matrimonial alliances being over, Bimbisara attacked the neighbouring state, Anga. Brahmadata, the ruler of Anga defeated Bimbisara's father. Bimbisara defeated and killed Brahmadata and annexed Anga to Magadha.

King Bimbisara was probably aware of a possible Persian invasion of India. Bimbisara sent envoy to Sukkasuttee, the king of Taxila or Gandhara. He also sent his court physician, Jivaka, to the kingdom of Avanti for treatment of a serious illness which king Pradyota had been suffering from. Bimbisara got land measured and fixed the amount of revenue on the basis of the measurement. The villages in his days enjoyed a large measure of autonomy. He dismissed the incompetent staff. He maintained contact with ‘Gramaks' or high officials of the villages. For convenient conduct of administration, he created three departments, such as, judicial department (Bhoharik), the general administration (Sarbarthaka) and the war department (Senanayak). He reorganized the Magadhan army. Formerly, the army was under the control and administration of several clans or groups. Bimbisara abolished this system and recruited afresh soldiers, and officers. The soldiers vowed to show him personal allegiance. The army thus reorganized and strengthened stood him in good stead in his bid for territorial expansion. He adopted some special measures to ensure improvement of communication, and every care was taken of the expansion of trade and industry.

Nothing definite is known about Bimbisara's religious faith. Both the Jainas and the Buddhists claim that he held their views. Of course, this is certain that his death, like that of Prasanjit, the king of Kosala, was extremely touching. According to Buddhist tradition, Ajatasatru, the son of Bimbisara, coveted the throne of Magadha and thereby starved his father to death. But the Jaina account states that Bimbisara's relations with his son became so strained that he had to commit suicide by taking poison.

Magadha Empire during King Ajatsatru (Ajatshatru)

In 495 B.C. Bimbisara died. He was succeeded by his son, Ajatasatru ( also spelled Ajatshatru). The Buddhist tradition ascribes thirty two years to the period of his rule. Ajatsatru was an extremely ambitious and powerful king. It was during his reign, that Magadha experienced all-round expansion and development.

Ajatasatru started his career of conquests by declaring war against his maternal uncle, Prasanjit, the king of Kosala. But the war ended in a happy union of the two kings. Ajatasatru married Bijira, the daughter of Prasanjit and received the city of Varanasi as dowry. Thus with the increase of his power, Varanasi became permanently annexed to the empire of Ajatasatru.

Ajatasatru's greatest achievement was his war with a powerful confederacy consisting of thirty six kingdoms and some republican territories. The chief among the republican states was the Lichchavis of Vaisali. Ajatasatru took sixteen years to conclude his war. It was not easy at all to conquer the Lichchavis, as they were not only a war like and powerful race but united also. Ajatasatru was well aware of these difficulties, yet he evolved out a well thought out plan in order to ensure his victory.

First, Ajatshatru sent to Vaisali his minister, Vasakar, with an instruction to cause a rift among the Lichchavis. Vasakar carried on with his mission for three toil some years and observed that the Lichchavis got divided because of mutual jealousy and feud. He came to realize that his mission had been a success.

Secondly, Ajatsatru built a fortress near the Lichchavi kingdom, so that he might direct his attack upon the kingdom from the fortress. Thus was laid the foundation of the new capital at Pataliputra.

Thirdly, Ajatsatru reorganized and strengthened his army and equipped it with new weapons. Thus prepared fully, Ajatsatru attacked the kingdom of Lichchavi from all directions. The war continued for sixteen years, but at last Ajatsatru won and annexed Vaisali to Magadhan Empire. King Pradyota of Avanti grew very jealous of the success. Sailor moon english full episodes. Ajatshatru won against the Lichchavis, but could do nothing as Ajatasatru's power and influence had increased tremendously. Thus, through conquests did Ajatsatru increase his power and extended the limit of Magadhan Empire.

It is difficult to say whether Ajatsatru was a Jaina or a Buddhist. Both the sects claimed that Ajatshatru belonged to their faith. It is generally said that Ajatshatru started his life as a Jaina, but later he gave up Jainism and embraced Buddhism.

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Magadh Empire after the death of King Ajatsatru (Ajatshatru)

Kalasoka, the son and successor of Ajatsatru was assassinated in 368 B.C. The assassin was, most probably, Mahapadmananda, the founder of the succeeding dynasty. But Mahapadmananda took twenty two years more (i.e. 346 B.C.) for his ascent to the throne.

Magadha Empire during the reign of King Mahapadma Nanda

Mahapadma Nanda was a very powerful king. From the Jaina and Buddhist sources alike, we come to know that Mahapadma Nanda was of low birth. But it is certain that Mahapadma Naada extended the boundaries of Magadhan empire. There were several kingdoms in north India – Kkuru, Panchala, Ikshakshu, Ashmaka and Skurasen—ruled by the Kshatriyas. He overthrew and annexed them to Magadhan dominion. This further led to the rise of Magadhan Imperialism. In the Hathigumpha rock inscription of Kharvela, reference has been made to the conquest of Kalinga by a certain ruler belonging to Nanda dynasty. This ruler was, probably, Mahapadma Nanda.

Magadha Empire during Dhana Nanda

According to some historians, a portion of the Deccan was within the Nanda Empire. The Greek writers corroborate that the Nanda Empire was well-built and widespread. They came to India a few years after Alexander's invasion of India. Mahapadmananda died after reigning ten years. He had eight sons. After his death, they partitioned the empire among them, and continued to rule, simultaneously for twelve years, their respective dominions. Dhanananda was the ruler of Magadha when Alexander invaded India in 327 B.C. everyone was aware of the fact that Dhanananda possessed enormous amount of wealth and a very powerful army. According to the Greek writers the Nanda kings had 200,000 infantrymen, horsemen, 2000 chariots drawn by four horses, and 30,000 elephants. The Buddhist sources inform us that the Nanda kings had strong attraction for wealth and that they resorted to unjust taxation from the people. The people were subjected to inhuman oppression. The burden of taxation was extremely heavy. This explains the people's disaffection from the Nanda king and their cooperation with Chandragupta Maurya when the latter invaded Magadha in 323-322 B.C. Thus was the Nanda dynasty replaced by the Maurya dynasty.

Magadh Empire during Chandragupta Maurya

Maurya

During Chandragupta Maurya‘s reign, the occupation of Punjab from the Greeks and the acquisition of Kabul, Kandahar, Makran and Herat from the Greek general Seleucus extended the frontier of Magadhan Empire in the north-west to that of the Persian Empire. According to Tamil evidences, the frontier of Maurya Empire extended to the outskirt of Madras. According to Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradamana Saurashtra was under Chandragupta's occupation. No evidence showing annexation of new territory or province during Bindusara's reign is available. Only Kalinga was conquered during the reign of Asoka. Thus the empire established during Bimbisara's reign got expanded almost India during emperors.

Chandragupta Maurya Episod 103

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Chandragupta Maurya 103-104

Episode 103
Bhadrasaal came to Asaakya to see Digvijaya and sat on his throne. Digvijaya did not like this and said - 'What is this? This is my throne.'
Bhadrasaal said - 'It was yours, but not now. Since you have joined Magadh, this belongs to Magadh now.'
Digvijaya aid - 'But this is cheating.'
Bhadrasaal said - 'This is not cheating, this is called politics.
Digvijaya saw that Amaatya was also coming. Amaatya thanked Digvijaya to open his gates for his army.'
Amaatya said to Bhadrasaal - 'Now nobody can stop you to marry Durdharaa.

'Who, forgetting his own desires, lives for others, is the true leader. You will surely return Chandragupt.'
Bhadrasaal came where Durdharaa was lighting lamps. He said to her - 'Light needs darkness to shine, and that darkness is me. I will see that whether light eats darkness or darkness suppresses light.'

Chandragupt got his army ready. She became mad from anger. He will certainly make some or the other mistake and our enemy is Magadh kingdom. All went away from there. This time their challenge was special. Nobody was able to establish any kind of connection with Chaanakya. Chaanakya was staying with a Taantrik Saadhu. Although he was hiding in a very odd place, still somebody met him in a day.

Chaankaya said - 'There is only one benefit of hindrance, that is to cross it, so cross it, and face the challenges.'
Chandragupt said - 'Aachaarya, No Janapad (kingdom) is ready to help us.'
Chaanakya said - 'We will have to face such obstacles and troubles all the time.'
Chandragupt said - 'Neither we have any money (gold), nor any soldier, nor any bread and food. How we will fight.'
Chaanakya - 'When we have opted this path ourselves, then why to dream about comforts in it? Whatever we will have to do, we will do. Just wait for the right time.' Chaanakya heard something and said - 'I think somebody is coming.' So Chaanakya etc ran away from there.

Bhadrasaal was still looking for Chaanakya and Chandragupt, so he came there and did not find anybody there. He got very angry to see the empty place, he exclaimed p 'How long you will run away from me?'

Chaanakya Goes to Puru, Meets Aambheek
Chaanakya was saying to Chandragupt - 'He was saying that 'from Vyaas to Kaling kingdom, nobody will help you.'. Who do not study in Gurukul, their knowledge is less. He cannot see any other kingdom except from Vyaas to Kaling. Let us go to Parvateshwar (Puru or Poras) and ask help from him. I have a friend there Indradatt.' So they all went to Parvateshwar's kingdom. Indradatt welcomed Chaanakya and said to him - 'The King has become old now and the Prince is not like the King. His daughter Kalyaanee has been married to Aambhhek for political reasons.'

Chaanakya put his proposal to Aambheek, he said - 'What kind of proposal you have brought? And you think that you will suggest this we will agree with it? After the United India, who will be the King of Magadh? Chandragupt? Who is this Chandragupt?'
Chandragupt said - 'I am.'
Chaanakya said - 'I came here to talk about United Bhaarat. Who will be the King of United Bhaarat, this a is a later issue.'
Aambheek said - 'No. Who is this Chandragupt? Neither he is a king of anywhere, nor he is a prince of any kingdom? He is only a disciple of Chaanakya, then why we should agree with you just for your disciple only? Only I will be the King of Magadh. If you accept this condition, then only we will talk further, otherwise you may leave. And if you are going, then consider this the paying of debt that you helped us at the time of Alexander's attack. Next time when you come, and if there is no good or us. we will hand you over to Dhanaanand as a prisoner.'

Chaanakya greeted Aambheek with folded hands, Indradatt said - 'What are you doing? Prince is younger to you.'
He said to Indradatt - One should keep separate the caste from politics. Raajaa is like Bhagvaan, and then why to feel ashamed before Bhagvaan.' and Chaanakya and CHandragupt came from there.

Chaanakya thought - 'Aambheek was right - Who is Chandragupt? Chandragupt is my disciple only. He is neither a King nor a Prince and I wish to make him a King? We made a mistake to trust an ambitious King.' Thinking thus Chaanakya was standing outside for a long time. Shashaank and Chandragupt went to him. Chaanakya said to them - 'Do you know that we can fulfill our dream by cunningness too. I think we have to do that. I will have to adopt the cunningness for all these greedy kings who need rulership. When do people adopt the path of cunningness? When other people close their all good paths. Now I will use Saam (to explain peacefully), Daam (by giving them money), Dand (by punishment)and Bhed (by dividing them) policies for my work. The purity of aim proves the justification of the path. Now we will start this mission by declaring Chandragupt a King. It is necessary to regard him a King for the United Bhaarat, so first we will make him a king and respect him as a king. First we will appoint him the king of Takshshilaa, Gaandhaar. Since we will make you the king of Gaandhaar, we will go to Takshshilaa.' And they all came to Takshshilaa

Chaanakya in Takshshilaa
Seeing Takshshilaa, Chandragupt remembered his childhood. Chaanakya met the Principal of Gurukul and Shashaank and Chandragupt went with students. Chaanakya told the Principal all he had in mind. He appreciated him a lot and supported him. Chaanakya said - 'First we will have to make Chandragupt a King of a kingdom, so we will win a kingdom without any formal attack.'
The principal said - 'Since the time Aambheek has become the King, Yavans have started ruling here. You know Aambheek very well, but how much do you know his Yavan partner Euromos?'
Chaanakya said - 'But I will win this without fighting any battle.
Principal said - 'Rest of the Yavan have gone but Euromos is still here. Besides, Aambheek has married Puru's daughter as a political matter. When Alexander did not fulfill his promise of making Aambheek the King, he asked Puru to marry his daughter to Aambheek.'
Chaanakya said - 'A king can win his enemy too, by using his all means, identifying the weakness of the enemy. I will use all these techniques, whether it is Aambheek or Euromos, or Puru or Kalyaanee, or anybody else.'

Aambheek did not treat Kalyaanee very well. Chaanakya had known this, so he said - 'We will use these shortcomings of Aambheek. First we will create the differences among them and then I will punish Aambheek.'
Chandragupt objected - 'But this is immoral.'
Chaanakya sais - 'Otherwise these people will sell our motherland. We have to behave with them like this only. Chandragupt, You go to Kalyaanee and win her confidence and create differences between her and her husband. Megha, You go to Euromos and create differences between him and Aambheek.'

Bhadrasaal did not get Chaanakya anywhere. At hte same time he noticed that an aachaarya was looking at a picture of Chaanakya. he was Sukhdev. He went to him. Sukhdev said - 'I am Aachaarya Sukhdev. According to you if Chaanakya is here, then only I can tell you his address and he told him his whereabouts.

Chaanakya said - 'There are five elements of war - Heaven or Destiny, Earth or Karm, Army Chief management techniques and discipline; and above them moral laws. We can bring the public under our control only by these elements, so that they can give their life to us. Because even if the public will not have any hope, you can give them hope. There will be no second opportunity of this mission, so we have to complete this mission now.' Chaankaya further said - 'We will work according to this policy and will control Gaandhaar.

Episode 104
Amaatya told Dhanaanand that Chaanakya was in Takshshilaa. He asked - 'What is he doing there? Takshshilaa has only Grukul.'
Amaatya aid - 'But I have a worry that he must be conspiring something for us there.'
Nand said - 'But he is on the other side of the Vyaas River. If he came this side of Vyaas River with his army, we will kill his all army. Otherwise also our Bhaarat starts from Vyaas River.'
Amaatya said - 'Mahaaraaj, The situation is not so strong and strengthened as it seems.'
Nand said - 'But Bhadrasaal is there. Tell him that he should send all information to us.'

Chandragupt met Kalyaanee outside the palace. She asked him - 'Who are you?'
Chandragupt said - 'I have been sent by Puru to know about your welfare. He told me that you are not happy with your married life.'
Kalyaanee said - 'No, It is not like that. Whatever he is, he is my husband.'
Chandragupt said - 'You also know that how Mahaaraaj behaves with public joining with Yavan. I want that you meet my Guru. It may be possible that he might be successful to bring some change in Aambheek's behavior.'

Chaanakya's Plan, Aambheek is Killed
As she also wanted to change in Aambheek's behavior, she accompanied Chandragupt to meet his Guru. Chandragupt brought her to his Guru. His Guru said - 'Give me any jewelry piece of yours and I will give you a Mantra. You will have to do Jap of that Mantra.' She gave him her ring given by Aambheek to her.
Chandragupt said - 'Do it. It will not only benefit to you, but to the whole Gaandhaar.' So Kalyaanee accepted it.
Guru said - 'Do not tell this to your husband, if he comes to know about this, he will be destroyed.' Kalyaanee went away.
Chandragupt gave some money to the Saadhu and took the ring from him. He gave that ring to Meghaa.

Shashaank went to Greek camp and lured Euromos for a girl, because he knew that he was very fond of girls. The girl (Meghaa) came there.
Meghaa said - 'I want to go to Aambheek.'
Euromos said - 'What can he give to you, that I can't give to you?' So Meghaa stayed back there.
During their conversation, he said - 'I do not trust women.'
Meghaa replied - 'You should not do that.' When Meghaa left Euromos, she left Kalyaanee's ring with him. Euromos asked - 'Why you do you give your ornament to me?' Meghaa said - 'Why does a woman do that, you don't know it?' and went away from there.

Bhadrasaal saw the map of Gurukul and reached the place where Chaanakya was supposed to be there, but he did not find him there so he asked his people to search Chaanakya everywhere. After all they came to Chaanakya's hut and hid there to welcome Chaanakya.

Aambheek and Euromos were talking to each other, that he saw his ring in Euromos' necklace. He got perplexed seeing his ring in Euromos' neck that how his ring came to Euromos. He asked him - 'Where did you get this? I have not seen it before.' Euromos did not reply anything. He went home and asked Kalyaanee about his ring. Kalyaanee made some talk but Aambheek did not believe her. he got doubtful about Kalyaanee.

Chaanakya commented - 'Now is the time when Aambheek and Euromos will fight each other.'
Chaanakya was about to enter his hut, that he guessed that there was somebody inside the hut.
Chandragupt asked - 'How do you know that?'
Chaanakya said - 'Whenever I go out I tie one hair of my Shikhaa (tuft) while I close the door, today that hair is not there.' So they set fire around the hut and went away from there.
Chaanakya said - 'Today is our last day at Gurukul. We will take over Gaandhaar after killing Aambheek.'

Kalyaanee again came to that Saadhu. Saadhu said - 'Don't abandon the Jaap, don't see your husband's face till evening, otherwise your husband will die.'
Aambheek came home asking for Kalyaanee. He did not find her but her message that she was leaving him and was going to Euromos in search of love.
One man brought a gift packet to Euromos and requested him for security from one man more.
Euromos asked - 'Who is that?'
He told him that he was out that he heard from a courtier of Aambheek that Aambheek will kill Euromos and will take over Gaandhaar. Euromos promised him for his security. The then Aambheek came to fight with him. Aambheek killed Euromos. But after killing bim Aambheek got afraid that now Yavan soldiers could come anytime and attack him.

Chaanakya asked the Yavan soldiers to join him under the leadership of Chandragupt. They recognized him as Maurya. Chaanakya said to them - 'Our first aim is to kill Aambheek and take over Gaandhaar.' Yavan soldiers attacked Aambheek under the leadership of Maurya. Aambheek asked him - 'Who are you?'
Chandragupt said - 'I am Maurya, Chandragupt Maurya.'
Aambheek went to Chaanakya to save him, Chaanakya said - 'I have never trained you to be a traitor. Whatever I have dreamt about my motherland, for that I have a duty to punish all traitors. Now this son of the motherland will punish you.' Chandragupt and Aambheek fought with each other and Chandragupt killed Aambheek.

Chandragupt is King
Kalyaanee also came there. First she was not happy with this event but then she had to cooperate with Chaanakya and Chandragupt was declared and crowned the King of Gandhaar. Chaanakya said to Kalyaanee - 'O Mahaaraanee, I have met your father, he never wanted to marry you to Aambheek. So either you, like an ordinary woman, kill Chandragupt, or join us in the mission of United Bhaarat.'
So Kalyaanee also declared Chandragupt as the King of Gaandhaar.
Chaanakya said - 'Now we have to send message to all countries that Chandragupt has become the King of Gaandhaar. Keep in mind that do not send this news to Puru and do send this news to Magdh to Nand.

Thus in the last, aim is important not its path to achieve it.

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Chandragupta Maurya 103

This victory laid the foundation for the Rise of Magadha Empire and the later kings succeeded in their bid to extend the empire. Emperor Asoka was the only man who refrained from a pursuit of war policy, and this marked the end of the history of Magadha expansion.

King Bimbisara enjoyed some such advantages as his contemporaries were denied. The geographical position of Magadha contributed for the Rise of Magadha Empire. Magadha was surrounded by hills and rivers. So, she enjoyed natural security. Moreover, the kingdom prospered thanks, largely, to the expansion of trade and commerce and the development of agriculture. Being thus secured, Bimbisara was able to proceed on his paths of conquests.

King Bimbisara concluded matrimonial alliances with the dynasties of Madra (Central Punjab), Kosala, and Vaisali. He married the Kosala princess, Kosaladevi and obtained, as dowry, a large slice of the kingdom of Kashi or Varanasi. Kashi constituted a prosperous region, and Bimbisara collected as revenue a huge sum amounting to one lakh. This was in addition to the collection of normal revenue. Kashi was a famous emporium and a place of pilgrimage of the Saivas. He married Chellana, the Vaisali princess. The alliance established with Licchavi (also Lichchhavi) and Vaisali strengthened the bond of friendship with, and enhanced the prestige of Magadha. King Bimbisara also married the princess of Videha, Vasabi, and Kshema, the Madra princess. This policy of concluding matrimonial alliance further uplifted the rise of Magadhan imperialism. Lichchhavi and Kosala remained neutral when Bimbisara made war with his neighbour, the king of Anga. Had it been otherwise, he would have invited hostility of Lichchhavi and Vaisali from the rear.

The episode of matrimonial alliances being over, Bimbisara attacked the neighbouring state, Anga. Brahmadata, the ruler of Anga defeated Bimbisara's father. Bimbisara defeated and killed Brahmadata and annexed Anga to Magadha.

King Bimbisara was probably aware of a possible Persian invasion of India. Bimbisara sent envoy to Sukkasuttee, the king of Taxila or Gandhara. He also sent his court physician, Jivaka, to the kingdom of Avanti for treatment of a serious illness which king Pradyota had been suffering from. Bimbisara got land measured and fixed the amount of revenue on the basis of the measurement. The villages in his days enjoyed a large measure of autonomy. He dismissed the incompetent staff. He maintained contact with ‘Gramaks' or high officials of the villages. For convenient conduct of administration, he created three departments, such as, judicial department (Bhoharik), the general administration (Sarbarthaka) and the war department (Senanayak). He reorganized the Magadhan army. Formerly, the army was under the control and administration of several clans or groups. Bimbisara abolished this system and recruited afresh soldiers, and officers. The soldiers vowed to show him personal allegiance. The army thus reorganized and strengthened stood him in good stead in his bid for territorial expansion. He adopted some special measures to ensure improvement of communication, and every care was taken of the expansion of trade and industry.

Nothing definite is known about Bimbisara's religious faith. Both the Jainas and the Buddhists claim that he held their views. Of course, this is certain that his death, like that of Prasanjit, the king of Kosala, was extremely touching. According to Buddhist tradition, Ajatasatru, the son of Bimbisara, coveted the throne of Magadha and thereby starved his father to death. But the Jaina account states that Bimbisara's relations with his son became so strained that he had to commit suicide by taking poison.

Magadha Empire during King Ajatsatru (Ajatshatru)

In 495 B.C. Bimbisara died. He was succeeded by his son, Ajatasatru ( also spelled Ajatshatru). The Buddhist tradition ascribes thirty two years to the period of his rule. Ajatsatru was an extremely ambitious and powerful king. It was during his reign, that Magadha experienced all-round expansion and development.

Ajatasatru started his career of conquests by declaring war against his maternal uncle, Prasanjit, the king of Kosala. But the war ended in a happy union of the two kings. Ajatasatru married Bijira, the daughter of Prasanjit and received the city of Varanasi as dowry. Thus with the increase of his power, Varanasi became permanently annexed to the empire of Ajatasatru.

Ajatasatru's greatest achievement was his war with a powerful confederacy consisting of thirty six kingdoms and some republican territories. The chief among the republican states was the Lichchavis of Vaisali. Ajatasatru took sixteen years to conclude his war. It was not easy at all to conquer the Lichchavis, as they were not only a war like and powerful race but united also. Ajatasatru was well aware of these difficulties, yet he evolved out a well thought out plan in order to ensure his victory.

First, Ajatshatru sent to Vaisali his minister, Vasakar, with an instruction to cause a rift among the Lichchavis. Vasakar carried on with his mission for three toil some years and observed that the Lichchavis got divided because of mutual jealousy and feud. He came to realize that his mission had been a success.

Secondly, Ajatsatru built a fortress near the Lichchavi kingdom, so that he might direct his attack upon the kingdom from the fortress. Thus was laid the foundation of the new capital at Pataliputra.

Thirdly, Ajatsatru reorganized and strengthened his army and equipped it with new weapons. Thus prepared fully, Ajatsatru attacked the kingdom of Lichchavi from all directions. The war continued for sixteen years, but at last Ajatsatru won and annexed Vaisali to Magadhan Empire. King Pradyota of Avanti grew very jealous of the success. Sailor moon english full episodes. Ajatshatru won against the Lichchavis, but could do nothing as Ajatasatru's power and influence had increased tremendously. Thus, through conquests did Ajatsatru increase his power and extended the limit of Magadhan Empire.

It is difficult to say whether Ajatsatru was a Jaina or a Buddhist. Both the sects claimed that Ajatshatru belonged to their faith. It is generally said that Ajatshatru started his life as a Jaina, but later he gave up Jainism and embraced Buddhism.

Magadh Empire after the death of King Ajatsatru (Ajatshatru)

Kalasoka, the son and successor of Ajatsatru was assassinated in 368 B.C. The assassin was, most probably, Mahapadmananda, the founder of the succeeding dynasty. But Mahapadmananda took twenty two years more (i.e. 346 B.C.) for his ascent to the throne.

Magadha Empire during the reign of King Mahapadma Nanda

Mahapadma Nanda was a very powerful king. From the Jaina and Buddhist sources alike, we come to know that Mahapadma Nanda was of low birth. But it is certain that Mahapadma Naada extended the boundaries of Magadhan empire. There were several kingdoms in north India – Kkuru, Panchala, Ikshakshu, Ashmaka and Skurasen—ruled by the Kshatriyas. He overthrew and annexed them to Magadhan dominion. This further led to the rise of Magadhan Imperialism. In the Hathigumpha rock inscription of Kharvela, reference has been made to the conquest of Kalinga by a certain ruler belonging to Nanda dynasty. This ruler was, probably, Mahapadma Nanda.

Magadha Empire during Dhana Nanda

According to some historians, a portion of the Deccan was within the Nanda Empire. The Greek writers corroborate that the Nanda Empire was well-built and widespread. They came to India a few years after Alexander's invasion of India. Mahapadmananda died after reigning ten years. He had eight sons. After his death, they partitioned the empire among them, and continued to rule, simultaneously for twelve years, their respective dominions. Dhanananda was the ruler of Magadha when Alexander invaded India in 327 B.C. everyone was aware of the fact that Dhanananda possessed enormous amount of wealth and a very powerful army. According to the Greek writers the Nanda kings had 200,000 infantrymen, horsemen, 2000 chariots drawn by four horses, and 30,000 elephants. The Buddhist sources inform us that the Nanda kings had strong attraction for wealth and that they resorted to unjust taxation from the people. The people were subjected to inhuman oppression. The burden of taxation was extremely heavy. This explains the people's disaffection from the Nanda king and their cooperation with Chandragupta Maurya when the latter invaded Magadha in 323-322 B.C. Thus was the Nanda dynasty replaced by the Maurya dynasty.

Magadh Empire during Chandragupta Maurya

During Chandragupta Maurya‘s reign, the occupation of Punjab from the Greeks and the acquisition of Kabul, Kandahar, Makran and Herat from the Greek general Seleucus extended the frontier of Magadhan Empire in the north-west to that of the Persian Empire. According to Tamil evidences, the frontier of Maurya Empire extended to the outskirt of Madras. According to Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradamana Saurashtra was under Chandragupta's occupation. No evidence showing annexation of new territory or province during Bindusara's reign is available. Only Kalinga was conquered during the reign of Asoka. Thus the empire established during Bimbisara's reign got expanded almost India during emperors.

Chandragupta Maurya Episod 103

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Chandragupta Maurya 103-104

Episode 103
Bhadrasaal came to Asaakya to see Digvijaya and sat on his throne. Digvijaya did not like this and said - 'What is this? This is my throne.'
Bhadrasaal said - 'It was yours, but not now. Since you have joined Magadh, this belongs to Magadh now.'
Digvijaya aid - 'But this is cheating.'
Bhadrasaal said - 'This is not cheating, this is called politics.
Digvijaya saw that Amaatya was also coming. Amaatya thanked Digvijaya to open his gates for his army.'
Amaatya said to Bhadrasaal - 'Now nobody can stop you to marry Durdharaa.

'Who, forgetting his own desires, lives for others, is the true leader. You will surely return Chandragupt.'
Bhadrasaal came where Durdharaa was lighting lamps. He said to her - 'Light needs darkness to shine, and that darkness is me. I will see that whether light eats darkness or darkness suppresses light.'

Chandragupt got his army ready. She became mad from anger. He will certainly make some or the other mistake and our enemy is Magadh kingdom. All went away from there. This time their challenge was special. Nobody was able to establish any kind of connection with Chaanakya. Chaanakya was staying with a Taantrik Saadhu. Although he was hiding in a very odd place, still somebody met him in a day.

Chaankaya said - 'There is only one benefit of hindrance, that is to cross it, so cross it, and face the challenges.'
Chandragupt said - 'Aachaarya, No Janapad (kingdom) is ready to help us.'
Chaanakya said - 'We will have to face such obstacles and troubles all the time.'
Chandragupt said - 'Neither we have any money (gold), nor any soldier, nor any bread and food. How we will fight.'
Chaanakya - 'When we have opted this path ourselves, then why to dream about comforts in it? Whatever we will have to do, we will do. Just wait for the right time.' Chaanakya heard something and said - 'I think somebody is coming.' So Chaanakya etc ran away from there.

Bhadrasaal was still looking for Chaanakya and Chandragupt, so he came there and did not find anybody there. He got very angry to see the empty place, he exclaimed p 'How long you will run away from me?'

Chaanakya Goes to Puru, Meets Aambheek
Chaanakya was saying to Chandragupt - 'He was saying that 'from Vyaas to Kaling kingdom, nobody will help you.'. Who do not study in Gurukul, their knowledge is less. He cannot see any other kingdom except from Vyaas to Kaling. Let us go to Parvateshwar (Puru or Poras) and ask help from him. I have a friend there Indradatt.' So they all went to Parvateshwar's kingdom. Indradatt welcomed Chaanakya and said to him - 'The King has become old now and the Prince is not like the King. His daughter Kalyaanee has been married to Aambhhek for political reasons.'

Chaanakya put his proposal to Aambheek, he said - 'What kind of proposal you have brought? And you think that you will suggest this we will agree with it? After the United India, who will be the King of Magadh? Chandragupt? Who is this Chandragupt?'
Chandragupt said - 'I am.'
Chaanakya said - 'I came here to talk about United Bhaarat. Who will be the King of United Bhaarat, this a is a later issue.'
Aambheek said - 'No. Who is this Chandragupt? Neither he is a king of anywhere, nor he is a prince of any kingdom? He is only a disciple of Chaanakya, then why we should agree with you just for your disciple only? Only I will be the King of Magadh. If you accept this condition, then only we will talk further, otherwise you may leave. And if you are going, then consider this the paying of debt that you helped us at the time of Alexander's attack. Next time when you come, and if there is no good or us. we will hand you over to Dhanaanand as a prisoner.'

Chaanakya greeted Aambheek with folded hands, Indradatt said - 'What are you doing? Prince is younger to you.'
He said to Indradatt - One should keep separate the caste from politics. Raajaa is like Bhagvaan, and then why to feel ashamed before Bhagvaan.' and Chaanakya and CHandragupt came from there.

Chaanakya thought - 'Aambheek was right - Who is Chandragupt? Chandragupt is my disciple only. He is neither a King nor a Prince and I wish to make him a King? We made a mistake to trust an ambitious King.' Thinking thus Chaanakya was standing outside for a long time. Shashaank and Chandragupt went to him. Chaanakya said to them - 'Do you know that we can fulfill our dream by cunningness too. I think we have to do that. I will have to adopt the cunningness for all these greedy kings who need rulership. When do people adopt the path of cunningness? When other people close their all good paths. Now I will use Saam (to explain peacefully), Daam (by giving them money), Dand (by punishment)and Bhed (by dividing them) policies for my work. The purity of aim proves the justification of the path. Now we will start this mission by declaring Chandragupt a King. It is necessary to regard him a King for the United Bhaarat, so first we will make him a king and respect him as a king. First we will appoint him the king of Takshshilaa, Gaandhaar. Since we will make you the king of Gaandhaar, we will go to Takshshilaa.' And they all came to Takshshilaa

Chaanakya in Takshshilaa
Seeing Takshshilaa, Chandragupt remembered his childhood. Chaanakya met the Principal of Gurukul and Shashaank and Chandragupt went with students. Chaanakya told the Principal all he had in mind. He appreciated him a lot and supported him. Chaanakya said - 'First we will have to make Chandragupt a King of a kingdom, so we will win a kingdom without any formal attack.'
The principal said - 'Since the time Aambheek has become the King, Yavans have started ruling here. You know Aambheek very well, but how much do you know his Yavan partner Euromos?'
Chaanakya said - 'But I will win this without fighting any battle.
Principal said - 'Rest of the Yavan have gone but Euromos is still here. Besides, Aambheek has married Puru's daughter as a political matter. When Alexander did not fulfill his promise of making Aambheek the King, he asked Puru to marry his daughter to Aambheek.'
Chaanakya said - 'A king can win his enemy too, by using his all means, identifying the weakness of the enemy. I will use all these techniques, whether it is Aambheek or Euromos, or Puru or Kalyaanee, or anybody else.'

Aambheek did not treat Kalyaanee very well. Chaanakya had known this, so he said - 'We will use these shortcomings of Aambheek. First we will create the differences among them and then I will punish Aambheek.'
Chandragupt objected - 'But this is immoral.'
Chaanakya sais - 'Otherwise these people will sell our motherland. We have to behave with them like this only. Chandragupt, You go to Kalyaanee and win her confidence and create differences between her and her husband. Megha, You go to Euromos and create differences between him and Aambheek.'

Bhadrasaal did not get Chaanakya anywhere. At hte same time he noticed that an aachaarya was looking at a picture of Chaanakya. he was Sukhdev. He went to him. Sukhdev said - 'I am Aachaarya Sukhdev. According to you if Chaanakya is here, then only I can tell you his address and he told him his whereabouts.

Chaanakya said - 'There are five elements of war - Heaven or Destiny, Earth or Karm, Army Chief management techniques and discipline; and above them moral laws. We can bring the public under our control only by these elements, so that they can give their life to us. Because even if the public will not have any hope, you can give them hope. There will be no second opportunity of this mission, so we have to complete this mission now.' Chaankaya further said - 'We will work according to this policy and will control Gaandhaar.

Episode 104
Amaatya told Dhanaanand that Chaanakya was in Takshshilaa. He asked - 'What is he doing there? Takshshilaa has only Grukul.'
Amaatya aid - 'But I have a worry that he must be conspiring something for us there.'
Nand said - 'But he is on the other side of the Vyaas River. If he came this side of Vyaas River with his army, we will kill his all army. Otherwise also our Bhaarat starts from Vyaas River.'
Amaatya said - 'Mahaaraaj, The situation is not so strong and strengthened as it seems.'
Nand said - 'But Bhadrasaal is there. Tell him that he should send all information to us.'

Chandragupt met Kalyaanee outside the palace. She asked him - 'Who are you?'
Chandragupt said - 'I have been sent by Puru to know about your welfare. He told me that you are not happy with your married life.'
Kalyaanee said - 'No, It is not like that. Whatever he is, he is my husband.'
Chandragupt said - 'You also know that how Mahaaraaj behaves with public joining with Yavan. I want that you meet my Guru. It may be possible that he might be successful to bring some change in Aambheek's behavior.'

Chaanakya's Plan, Aambheek is Killed
As she also wanted to change in Aambheek's behavior, she accompanied Chandragupt to meet his Guru. Chandragupt brought her to his Guru. His Guru said - 'Give me any jewelry piece of yours and I will give you a Mantra. You will have to do Jap of that Mantra.' She gave him her ring given by Aambheek to her.
Chandragupt said - 'Do it. It will not only benefit to you, but to the whole Gaandhaar.' So Kalyaanee accepted it.
Guru said - 'Do not tell this to your husband, if he comes to know about this, he will be destroyed.' Kalyaanee went away.
Chandragupt gave some money to the Saadhu and took the ring from him. He gave that ring to Meghaa.

Shashaank went to Greek camp and lured Euromos for a girl, because he knew that he was very fond of girls. The girl (Meghaa) came there.
Meghaa said - 'I want to go to Aambheek.'
Euromos said - 'What can he give to you, that I can't give to you?' So Meghaa stayed back there.
During their conversation, he said - 'I do not trust women.'
Meghaa replied - 'You should not do that.' When Meghaa left Euromos, she left Kalyaanee's ring with him. Euromos asked - 'Why you do you give your ornament to me?' Meghaa said - 'Why does a woman do that, you don't know it?' and went away from there.

Bhadrasaal saw the map of Gurukul and reached the place where Chaanakya was supposed to be there, but he did not find him there so he asked his people to search Chaanakya everywhere. After all they came to Chaanakya's hut and hid there to welcome Chaanakya.

Aambheek and Euromos were talking to each other, that he saw his ring in Euromos' necklace. He got perplexed seeing his ring in Euromos' neck that how his ring came to Euromos. He asked him - 'Where did you get this? I have not seen it before.' Euromos did not reply anything. He went home and asked Kalyaanee about his ring. Kalyaanee made some talk but Aambheek did not believe her. he got doubtful about Kalyaanee.

Chaanakya commented - 'Now is the time when Aambheek and Euromos will fight each other.'
Chaanakya was about to enter his hut, that he guessed that there was somebody inside the hut.
Chandragupt asked - 'How do you know that?'
Chaanakya said - 'Whenever I go out I tie one hair of my Shikhaa (tuft) while I close the door, today that hair is not there.' So they set fire around the hut and went away from there.
Chaanakya said - 'Today is our last day at Gurukul. We will take over Gaandhaar after killing Aambheek.'

Kalyaanee again came to that Saadhu. Saadhu said - 'Don't abandon the Jaap, don't see your husband's face till evening, otherwise your husband will die.'
Aambheek came home asking for Kalyaanee. He did not find her but her message that she was leaving him and was going to Euromos in search of love.
One man brought a gift packet to Euromos and requested him for security from one man more.
Euromos asked - 'Who is that?'
He told him that he was out that he heard from a courtier of Aambheek that Aambheek will kill Euromos and will take over Gaandhaar. Euromos promised him for his security. The then Aambheek came to fight with him. Aambheek killed Euromos. But after killing bim Aambheek got afraid that now Yavan soldiers could come anytime and attack him.

Chaanakya asked the Yavan soldiers to join him under the leadership of Chandragupt. They recognized him as Maurya. Chaanakya said to them - 'Our first aim is to kill Aambheek and take over Gaandhaar.' Yavan soldiers attacked Aambheek under the leadership of Maurya. Aambheek asked him - 'Who are you?'
Chandragupt said - 'I am Maurya, Chandragupt Maurya.'
Aambheek went to Chaanakya to save him, Chaanakya said - 'I have never trained you to be a traitor. Whatever I have dreamt about my motherland, for that I have a duty to punish all traitors. Now this son of the motherland will punish you.' Chandragupt and Aambheek fought with each other and Chandragupt killed Aambheek.

Chandragupt is King
Kalyaanee also came there. First she was not happy with this event but then she had to cooperate with Chaanakya and Chandragupt was declared and crowned the King of Gandhaar. Chaanakya said to Kalyaanee - 'O Mahaaraanee, I have met your father, he never wanted to marry you to Aambheek. So either you, like an ordinary woman, kill Chandragupt, or join us in the mission of United Bhaarat.'
So Kalyaanee also declared Chandragupt as the King of Gaandhaar.
Chaanakya said - 'Now we have to send message to all countries that Chandragupt has become the King of Gaandhaar. Keep in mind that do not send this news to Puru and do send this news to Magdh to Nand.

Thus in the last, aim is important not its path to achieve it.

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